The epic of gilgamesh by stephen mitchell Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Maybe Enkidu is purposely avoiding this discussion as to not excite Gilgamesh since he is already so fearless. Enkidu tries to convince that man is a weak and feeble creature through various exhibitions, like: â€Å"But how can any man dare to enter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Hasn’t he put Humbaba there to terrify men? † (Mitchell, 93). This shows how Enkidu is uncertain of the strength and qualities of man and, like his gods, undermines and questions man’s abilities. Enkidu tries to explain how any man who faces the Humbaba will be overwhelmed by fear, which helps to highlight the fact that Enkidu considers mankind to be frail and coward (Mitchell, 93). Even though it is only mankind that Enkidu is skeptical about, he tries to convince Gilgamesh to forgo the quest in the following words: â€Å"Who among men or gods could defeat him? † (Mitchell, 93). This shows that Enkidu is extremely desperate about not going on the quest as he is sure of the overpowering qualities of the Humbaba. Enkidu seems to consider humans as inferior and helpless beings against the gods an d their will. We will write a custom essay sample on The epic of gilgamesh by stephen mitchell or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The way he tries to convince Gilgamesh to not go on the quest as the creature arranged by gods will overpower them and they will fail is a clear indication of the lack of faith he has in himself and his accomplice. There seems to contradictions in Enkidus description of the Humbaba when he says that the Humbaba has been put in the jungle to terrify men. He never at any point during the description of the beast mention that it will kill anyone but he very discretely emphasizes that it is so terrifying that its rivals are seized with fear when they confront it. Enkidu mentions that the Humbaba’s rivals will lose because fear will be their main hindrance. He is constantly ignoring how Gilgamesh is a gallant character and is not afraid of death or facing gods for what is right. Enkidu is ignoring the fact that it might be Gilgamesh’s bravery that might allow them to overpower and kill the Humbaba. Enkidu is constantly contradicting his statements. At one point in the conversation he says the beast is terrifying and no man stands a chance against him, but he doesn’t mention that Humbaba has killed anyone. Then Enkidu contradicts his statements when he says that Gilgamesh is no challenge to the creature. This means that Enkidu is saying that the beast will be able to overwhelm and kill Gilgamesh. It is clear that Enkidu has no solid stance to stop the brave and enthusiastic Gilgamesh from battling the creature. Enkidu does seem to prove his point as he again and again reminds that the Humbaba is the god, Enlil, so fighting him would mean clear opposition of the god.

Taking a Look at Myelodysplasia Syndrome - 1160 Words

Myelodysplasia syndrome (MDS), is a type of disease that is associated with abnormal cells in the blood and bone marrow. Patients with the disease commonly have immature stem cells which result in unhealthy progenies such as platelets, red and white blood cells. There are different types of MDS, which are analyzed by certain changes in the blood or bone marrow. MDS can be more commonly found in Men in their 60’s seeing how the chances of myelodysplasia syndrome increases with age. Genetics also play a role in the occurrence of MDS. It can be passed down from parents to offspring that have certain mutated genes. People with Down syndrome, Fanconi anemia, Shwachman-Diamond, and Kostmann syndrome have an increased chance of developing this disease [1]. Previous patients who have been treated with cancer that have gone through radiation and chemotherapy have increased the risk of developing MDS. MDS is a type of bone marrow disorder that may develop into acute leukemia. This has been linked to past radiation exposure. The amount and dosage of radiation that may reach to bone marrows may increase their chance of developing MDS. Environmental risk factors that increase the risk of contracting MDS, include high doses of radiation from long-term exposure to benzene, alkylating agents and ionizing radiation. Exposure to metals and chemicals such as lead, mercury, tobacco smoke, pesticide, fertilizers and solvents also increases this risk. Lifestyle choices can be a

Haiti Development Free Essays

Why is Haiti underdeveloped? (15) Haiti is a Caribbean country located on the island of Hispaniola. It is the poorest country in the western hemisphere with its GDP at just $1, 200. The country has suffered through political violence throughout its history and was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 7. We will write a custom essay sample on Haiti: Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now 0 in 2010. These two major events during Haiti’s history left the country in ruins and since Haiti has not seemed to recover. Throughout the course of this essay I will go into further detail as to why Haiti is extremely underdeveloped. Haiti has a very low life expectancy at 62 years in comparison to the UK which is 80 years. This shows that between these two countries there are major differences between factors that influence life expectancy. In comparison to the UK, in Haiti poorer medical care is received by the population and this also shows how bad the standard of living is in Haiti. In Haiti, the total fertility rate is 3. 07 babied per woman whereas in the UK its 1. 91. This shows that in Haiti the emancipation of women is lower which means the country cannot develop. Another major social fact is that 52. 9% of Haiti’s population is literate. Half the population are unable to read or write and this means that they cannot get good jobs or look after their families better and move them out of poverty because they lack a huge skill. These social factors stop Haiti from developing. Haiti has suffered mass political instability over the years. The brutal dictatorships of the physician Francois and his son left tens of thousands of people killed during their 29-year rule. Since then the US intervened and forced Haiti to return to a constitutional government in 1994. However there were allegations of electoral irregularities, ongoing extra-judicial killings, torture and brutality. A bloody rebellion plus pressure from US and France forced the President Mr. Aristicide out of the country. In the present day Haiti is still plagued by violent confrontations between rival gangs and political groups. The UN has described the human rights situation as â€Å"catastrophic†. This political instability over the years is a massive obstacle to Haiti developing. However the biggest factor as to why Haiti is so underdeveloped is the environmental factors. Haiti lies in a region prone to earthquakes and because of its tropical climate it suffers many tropical storms. This leaves areas with severe deforestation and vulnerable to flooding. Haiti is not equipped to deal with these natural disasters. In January 2010 Haiti was struck by an earthquake, 7. 0 on the Richter scale, this was the country’s worst earthquake in over 200 years. Tens of thousands of people were killed and this led to mass international aid being received by Haiti. A year later and Haiti is still struggling to recover from this earthquake. This shows exactly how underdeveloped Haiti is because they are constantly being hit with natural disasters but they are ill-equipped at dealing with them. This is a huge obstacle to development because it means that money cannot be spent on things that make a country more developed such as education or business. Also, following the earthquake, the economy is still recovering. The damage to Port-au-Prince caused the country’s GDP to decrease by an estimated 8%. Haiti was ranked 145 of 182 countries in the 2010 United Nations human development index with 57. 3% of the population being deprived of at least 3 of the HDI poverty measures. Most Haitians live on less than $2 a day. This fact is crucial as to why Haiti is underdeveloped. This shows that as Haitians don’t have that much money they cannot afford for their children to go to school so more and more children are being born into poverty. Therefore these children can never leave poverty so the country cannot develop as the majority of the population is in poverty. In conclusion, Haiti is underdeveloped because of many social, political, economic and environmental reasons. However I think the most important factor as to why Haiti is so underdeveloped in the environmental factors. Haiti must spend money on taking care of natural disasters instead of factors that help a country to develop. So in my opinion the fact that Haiti receives a lot of natural disasters is stopping them from developing. How to cite Haiti: Development, Papers

Seneca Iroquois White Springs free essay sample

The sizes of these sites can sometimes be as large as settlements covering acres Of land. However archaeologists have now been using a surveying method that employs the use of multi-instrument geophysical scanning. Using this the archaeologist can help maintain budget and time constraints that may have been restricting progress. The Seneca settlement at (1688-1715 CE) the White Springs Site located in Geneva, NY is a site that covers a settlement size estimate of 1. 2-2. 75 ha. This paper reports on approximately five hectares of high-resolution, multi-instrument archaeologically surveys. This information allowed the archaeologist to study the layered, temporal intents of these maps; which allowed for visual survey without accessing the site physically. Using documents, excavation, and archaeologists to understand a historic Iroquois site.Limited excavation required non- invasive survey methods. Five hectares of ground-penetrating radar and magnetometer survey exposed Seneca-era features. The settlement was likely palisades and tightly packed, related to military pressure of the time. (Gerald- Little et al. July 201 2) One of the significant questions at White Springs relates to settlement layout and the possibility of a defensive palisade.Consideration of the social and cultural context in which White Springs was constructed contributes to better understanding of the choices that Seneca may have made in the process of constructing the town, as well as providing guidelines for archaeologically interpretation. (Alexander, 1998 p. 485) Between 1688 and 1715 the White Springs was the main community for the eastern Seneca Iroquois. This settlement is thought to have been established to reinforce the survival of the Seneca after a period of warfare with the French in 1687.Careful examination of the archaeological database and documentary sources have suggested that after he Danville invasion multiple Seneca communities consisting of two principal towns (Cannonading and Rochester Junction), at least two local satellite villages (including the Bell and Kirkwood sites), and three Seneca communities on the north shore of Lake Ontario (the Questioning, Attestation, and Continuation sites) united together into two large towns at the White Springs and Snyder-McClure sites (Jordan, 2010, up. 98-100; Conrad, 1981; Pollution, 1991; Wary, 1983).White Springs was formed to gather a larger number of people so that a greater defensive support system could be established. With this in mind it can be predicted that a defensive palisade would have built at the site. Historical and comparative research suggests the range of shap es that might have been used. Both Polygonal and ovoid palisades are seen at Iroquois sites before the extensive interaction with colonists. Oval shaped palisade seem to be the primary forms from 1000-CHOICE and the Polygonal palisades 1560-CEASE(Wary et al. , 1987).Both forms were used throughout the Iroquois people. Several excavations have been able to determine that palisades were constructed by twisting pointed posts into the subsoil (Ritchie and Funk, 1973, p. 03) and large posts were not buried immediately next to each other but interwoven with smaller branches (Hedonistic, 1971; Keener, 1 999; Ritchie and Funk, Although the Iroquois used platforms and towers that were built 1973). Into palisades (Keener, 1 999, p. 783), this type of design has not be found at any pre 1650 sites, suggesting that the design Was adopted from the Europeans. There are no known examples of European-style palisades from excavated or mapped Seneca sites constructed prior to White Springs, but there are at Huron, Onondaga, and Susquehanna sites (Gerard-little, 201 1, up. 55-60). The survey methodology at White Springs was built around 20 by 20 m squares, arranged on a grid system at 45 degree angle to the excavation grid. This alignment was based on the assumption that the Seneca-era features are along or are perpendicular to the sites dominant topographic lines that run roughly north south.The system oriented at an angle to this ensures that linear features such as palisade remnants are crossed by transects multiple times, and thus provides more robust evidence for the existence Of subsurface feature. Multiple instruments are also beneficial because they provide overlapping lines of evidence that can reveal ore about the character of the feature (Clay, 2001 ; Savage and Lealer, The White Springs survey was approximately 5 hector making this 2007). The largest survey of this resolution in the Northeast. GPO and magnetometer measure different physical and chemical properties that are significant in relation to data collection and interpretation (Gerald-Little et al. July 2012). GPO uses an antenna to project electromagnetic pulses into the ground at targeted frequencies; the travel time of the signal is affected by the dielectric permittivity of the underlying ground, allowing materials with divergent heartsickness to be distinguished from one another (Concern and Goodman, At the simplest level magnetometers measure the magnitude of 1997). The earths localized magnetic field in a survey area (Gerald-Little et al. July 2012).Solar activity, geology, iron content Of soils, can influence the Earths near surface local magnetic field. Anthropogenic factors influencing the magnetic signal of an area include burning, fired materials, presence of ferrous metal, and difference in the distribution of soil characteristics potentially created by activities involving fire and agricultural modific ation of oils (Spinal et al. , 2008; Scholar et al. , 1990). The results from this survey concluded that on the eastern side of the ridge, partway down the slope, a one hundred meter long north south feature appears in both the magnetometer and GPO data from 2009 (Rogers et al. 2006). Just inside the proposed eastern palisade wall, features forming two potential longhouses were recorded. These are visible in the magnetometer data and separated by less than five meters. They extend out of the survey area, so their full length is unknown. Because the only irreconcilabilitys visible attention longhouses inside the palisade are partial, there are limitations on the comparative data with other parts of the survey area. This information however, provides an understanding of the SÃ ©ances response to these turbulent times (Gerald-Little et al. July 2012).While the exact population of White Springs may be unknown, this speaks to the circumstances that lead to the construction of White Springs. Seneca balanced expediency of settlement construction with the safety of inhabitants. This broader understanding was made possible by the introduction of archaeologists to the project. The Lessons that were earned at White Springs included the use of: magnetometer and GPO, integration of excavation-based archaeological knowledge, historical documentation. Future work will profit from the gains made here with archaeologists.This source examines the correlations between the Europeans and the Africans slaves in America. There are references to first contact with the Native Americans. How these relationships failed and prospered how each side gained knowledge in structure of palisades, military maneuvers, and living in times of conflict. This allows to see the social structure and wartime architecture at the time of first contact. Spinal, C. Gaffing, A. Schmidt Magnetometer for Archaeologists, Geophysical Methods for Archaeology; Altair Press, Lankan (2008) This source covers the most widely used method for archaeological surveying.The history of magnetometers from their inception through todays state-of- the-art detectors, explain the physics behind the different types of sensors, and describe the most fruitful ways in which the technology can be employed. They also consider the theoretical and practical uses of magnetometer from for many archaeological periods and regions. The potential for and the problems associated with the use, display, and interpretation of buried emails. R. B. Clay Complementary geophysical tech unique: why two ways are always Better than one. Southeastern Archaeology, 20 (2001), up. 31-43 This source is demonstrated with a discussion of parallel uses of magnetometer and earth conductivity at historical and prehistoric sites in the south and Monmouth. Use of several technologies should be a goal, not reliance on one. Continued development of available technologies is somewhat reducing data collection costs, but the value of complementary data sets should still be the guiding principal in research design whenever possible. L. B. Concern, D. GoodmanGround-penetrating Radar: Introduction for Archaeologists Altair Press, Walnut Creek, CA (1997) This source provides one of the most promising methods of non-invasive archaeological exploration. Traditional archaeological excavation methods are sometimes daunting due to political or financial complications. Other times, an improperly planned dig can destroy or entirely overlook the artifacts being sought. In either case, ground-penetrating radar, or GPO, is an increasingly applicable technology, but one that few archaeologists truly understand.